JACQUES YVES COSTEAU

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Jacques-Yves Cousteau



Jacques-Yves Cousteau in 1976

Born (1910-06-11)11 June 1910

Saint-André-de-Cubzac

Gironde, France

Died 25 June 1997(1997-06-25) (aged 87)

Paris, France

Nationality French

Occupation Oceanographer

Spouse(s) Simone Melchior Cousteau (1937-1990)

Francine Triplet Cousteau (1991-1997)



Jacques-Yves Cousteau (French: [ʒak iv kusto]; commonly known in English as Jacques Cousteau; 11 June 1910 – 25 June 1997)[1] was a French naval officer, explorer, conservationist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. He co-developed the Aqua-Lung, pioneered marine conservation and was a member of the Académie française.



Contents [hide]

1 Biography

1.1 Early years

1.2 Early 1940s: Innovation of modern underwater diving

1.3 Late 1940s: GERS and Élie Monnier

1.4 1950–1970s

1.5 1980–1990s

1.6 Death

1.7 Honours

1.8 Legacy

2 See also

2.1 Jacques-Yves Cousteau's ships

3 Filmography

4 Bibliography

4.1 Books by Cousteau

4.2 Books about Cousteau

5 References

6 External links





Biography"The sea, the great unifier, is man's only hope. Now, as never before,

the old phrase has a literal meaning: We are all in the same boat."



Jacques CousteauEarly yearsCousteau was born on 11 June 1910, in Saint-André-de-Cubzac, Gironde, France to Daniel and Élisabeth Cousteau. He had one brother, Pierre-Antoine. Cousteau completed his preparatory studies at the prestigious Collège Stanislas in Paris. In 1930, he entered the École Navale and graduated as a gunnery officer. After an automobile accident cut short his career in naval aviation, Cousteau indulged his interest in the sea.



In Toulon, where he was serving on the Condorcet, Cousteau carried out his first underwater experiments, thanks to his friend Philippe Tailliez who in 1936 lent him some Fernez underwater goggles, predecessors of modern swimming goggles.[2] Cousteau also belonged to the information service of the French Navy, and was sent on missions to Shanghai and Japan (1935–1938) and in the USSR (1939).[citation needed]



On 12 July 1937 he married Simone Melchior, with whom he had two sons, Jean-Michel (born 1938) and Philippe (1940–1979). His sons took part in the adventures of the Calypso. In 1991, one year after his wife Simone's death from cancer, he married Francine Triplet. They already had a daughter Diane Cousteau (born 1980) and a son Pierre-Yves Cousteau (born 1982), born during Cousteau's marriage to his first wife.



Early 1940s: Innovation of modern underwater divingThe years of World War II were decisive for the history of diving. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge in Megève, where he became a friend of the Ichac family who also lived there. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac shared the same desire to reveal to the general public unknown and inaccessible places — for Cousteau the underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit mètres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands (Var) with Philippe Tailliez and Frédéric Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by mechanical engineer Léon Vèche (engineer of Arts and Métiers and the Naval College).



In 1943, they made the film Épaves (Shipwrecks), in which they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Émile Gagnan.[3][4] When making Épaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary blank reels of movie film, but had to buy hundreds of small still camera film reels the same width, intended for a make of child's camera, and cemented them together to make long reels.[5][6]



Having kept bonds with the English speakers (he spent part of his childhood in the United States and usually spoke English) and with French soldiers in North Africa (under Admiral Lemonnier), Jacques-Yves Cousteau (whose villa "Baobab" at Sanary (Var) was opposite Admiral Darlan's villa "Reine"), helped the French Navy to join again with the Allies; he assembled a commando operation against the Italian espionage services in France, and received several military decorations for his deeds. At that time, he kept his distance from his brother Pierre-Antoine Cousteau, a "pen anti-semite" who wrote the collaborationist newspaper Je suis partout (I am everywhere) and who received the death sentence in 1946. However this was later commuted to a life sentence, and Pierre-Antoine was released in 1954.



During the 1940s, Cousteau is credited with improving the aqua-lung design which gave birth to the open-circuit scuba technology used today. According to his first book, The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure (1953), Cousteau started diving with Fernez goggles in 1936, and in 1939 used the self-contained underwater breathing apparatus invented in 1926 by Commander Yves le Prieur.[5] Cousteau was not satisfied with the length of time he could spend underwater with the Le Prieur apparatus so he improved it to extend underwater duration by adding a demand regulator, invented in 1942 by Émile Gagnan.[5] In 1943 Cousteau tried out the first prototype aqua-lung which finally made extended underwater exploration possible.



Late 1940s: GERS and Élie MonnierIn 1946, Cousteau and Tailliez showed the film "Épaves" to Admiral Lemonnier, and the admiral gave them the responsibility of setting up the Groupement de Recherches Sous-marines (GRS) (Underwater Research Group) of the French Navy in Toulon. A little later it became the GERS (Groupe d'Études et de Recherches Sous-Marines, = Underwater Studies and Research Group), then the COMISMER ("COMmandement des Interventions Sous la MER", = "Undersea Interventions Command"), and finally more recently the CEPHISMER. In 1947, Chief Petty Officer Maurice Fargues became the first diver to die using an aqualung while attempting a new depth record with the GERS near Toulon.[7]



In 1948, between missions of mine clearance, underwater exploration and technological and physiological tests, Cousteau undertook a first campaign in the Mediterranean on board the sloop Élie Monnier,[8][9] with Philippe Tailliez, Frédéric Dumas, Jean Alinat and the scenario writer Marcel Ichac. The small team also undertook the exploration of the Roman wreck of Mahdia (Tunisia). It was the first underwater archaeology operation using autonomous diving, opening the way for scientific underwater archaeology. Cousteau and Marcel Ichac brought back from there the Carnets diving film (presented and preceded with the Cannes Film Festival 1951).



Cousteau and the Élie Monnier then took part in the rescue of Professor Jacques Piccard's bathyscaphe, the FNRS-2, during the 1949 expedition to Dakar. Thanks to this rescue, the French Navy was able to reuse the sphere of the bathyscaphe to construct the FNRS-3.



The adventures of this period are told in the two books The Silent World (1953, by Cousteau and Dumas) and Plongées sans câble (1954, by Philippe Tailliez).



1950–1970sIn 1949, Cousteau left the French Navy.



In 1950, he founded the French Oceanographic Campaigns (FOC), and leased a ship called Calypso from Thomas Loel Guinness for a symbolic one franc a year. Cousteau refitted the Calypso as a mobile laboratory for field research and as his principal vessel for diving and filming. He also carried out underwater archaeological excavations in the Mediterranean, in particular at Grand-Congloué (1952).



With the publication of his first book in 1953, The Silent World, he correctly predicted the existence of the echolocation abilities of porpoises. He reported that his research vessel, the Élie Monier, was heading to the Straits of Gibraltar and noticed a group of porpoises following them. Cousteau changed course a few degrees off the optimal course to the center of the strait, and the porpoises followed for a few minutes, then diverged toward mid-channel again. It was evident that they knew where the optimal course lay, even if the humans did not. Cousteau concluded that the cetaceans had something like sonar, which was a relatively new feature on submarines.



Cousteau won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1956 for The Silent World co-produced with Louis Malle. With the assistance of Jean Mollard, he made a "diving saucer" SP-350, an experimental underwater vehicle which could reach a depth of 350 meters. The successful experiment was quickly repeated in 1965 with two vehicles which reached 500 meters.



In 1957, he was elected as director of the Oceanographical Museum of Monaco. He directed Précontinent, about the experiments of diving in saturation (long-duration immersion, houses under the sea), and was admitted to the United States National Academy of Sciences.



In October 1960, a large amount of radioactive waste was going to be discarded in the Mediterranean Sea by the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA). The CEA argued that the dumps were experimental in nature, and that French oceanographers such as Vsevelod Romanovsky had recommended it. Romanovsky and other French scientists, including Louis Fage and Jacques Cousteau, repudiated the claim, saying that Romanovsky had in mind a much smaller amount. The CEA claimed that there was little circulation (and hence little need for concern) at the dump site between Nice and Corsica, but French public opinion sided with the oceanographers rather than with the CEA atomic energy scientists. The CEA chief, Francis Perrin, decided to postpone the dump.[10] Cousteau organized a publicity campaign which in less than two weeks gained wide popular support. The train carrying the waste was stopped by women and children sitting on the railway tracks, and it was sent back to its origin.





Cousteau on the Calypso.A meeting with American television companies (ABC, Métromédia, NBC) created the series The Underwater Odyssey of Commander Cousteau, with the character of the commander in the red bonnet inherited from standard diving dress) intended to give the films a "personalized adventure" style.



In 1970, he wrote the book The Shark: Splendid Savage of the Sea with Philippe, his son. In this book, Costeau described the oceanic whitetip shark as "the most dangerous of all sharks".



In 1973, along with his two sons and Frederick Hyman, he created the Cousteau Society for the Protection of Ocean Life, Frederick Hyman being its first President; it now has more than 300,000 members.



Three years after the volcano's last eruption, on 19 December 1973, the Cousteau team was filming on Deception Island, Antarctica when Michel Laval, Calypso's second in command, was struck and killed by a propeller of the helicopter that was ferrying between Calypso and the island.



In 1976, Cousteau uncovered the wreck of HMHS Britannic. He also found the wreck of La Therese in Crete island



In 1977, together with Peter Scott, he received the UN International Environment prize.



On 28 June 1979, while the Calypso was on an expedition to Portugal, his second son, Philippe, his preferred and designated successor and with whom he had co-produced all his films since 1969, died in a PBY Catalina flying boat crash in the Tagus river near Lisbon. Cousteau was deeply affected. He called his then eldest son, the architect Jean-Michel Cousteau, to his side. This collaboration lasted 14 years.



1980–1990s

Cousteau's Diving SaucerIn 1980, Cousteau traveled to Canada to make two films on the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, Cries from the Deep and St. Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea.[11]



In 1985, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Ronald Reagan.



On 24 November 1988, he was elected to the French Academy, chair 17, succeeding Jean Delay. His official reception under the Cupola took place on 22 June 1989, the response to his speech of reception being given by Bertrand Poirot-Delpech. After his death, he was replaced under the Cupola by Érik Orsenna on 28 May 1998.



In June 1990, the composer Jean Michel Jarre paid homage to the commander by entitling his new album Waiting for Cousteau. He also composed the music for Cousteau's documentary "Palawan, the last refuge".



On 2 December 1990, his wife Simone Cousteau died of cancer.



In June 1991, in Paris, Jacques-Yves Cousteau remarried, to Francine Triplet, with whom he had (before this marriage) two children, Diane and Pierre-Yves. Francine Cousteau currently continues her husband's work as the head of the Cousteau Foundation and Cousteau Society. From that point, the relations between Jacques-Yves and his elder son worsened.



In November 1991, Cousteau gave an interview to the UNESCO courier, in which he stated that he was in favour of human population control and population decrease. Widely quoted on the internet are these two paragraphs from the interview: "What should we do to eliminate suffering and disease? It's a wonderful idea but perhaps not altogether a beneficial one in the long run. If we try to implement it we may jeopardize the future of our species...It's terrible to have to say this. World population must be stabilized and to do that we must eliminate 350,000 people per day. This is so horrible to contemplate that we shouldn't even say it. But the general situation in which we are involved is lamentable".[12]



In 1992, he was invited to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the United Nations' International Conference on Environment and Development, and then he became a regular consultant for the UN and the World Bank.



In 1996, he sued his son who wished to open a holiday centre named "Cousteau" in the Fiji Islands.



On 11 January 1996, Calypso was rammed and sunk in Singapore Harbour by a barge. The Calypso was refloated and towed home to France.



DeathJacques-Yves Cousteau died on 25 June 1997 in Paris, aged 87. Despite persistent rumors, encouraged by some Islamic publications and websites, Cousteau did not convert to Islam, and when he died he was buried in a Roman Catholic Christian funeral.[13] He was buried in the family vault at Saint-André-de-Cubzac in France. An homage was paid to him by the city by the inauguration of a "rue du Commandant Cousteau", a street which runs out to his native house, where a commemorative plaque was affixed.



HonoursDuring his lifetime, Jacques-Yves Cousteau received these distinctions:



Commander of the Legion of Honour (1972)

Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (1985)

Cross of War 1939–1945 (1945)

Officer of the Order of Maritime Merit (1980)

Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters

Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (26 January 1990)[14]

National Geographic Society's Special Gold Medal in 1961[15]

LegacyCousteau's legacy includes more than 120 television documentaries, more than 50 books, and an environmental protection foundation with 300,000 members.[1]



Cousteau liked to call himself an "oceanographic technician." He was, in reality, a sophisticated showman, teacher, and lover of nature. His work permitted many people to explore the resources of the oceans.



His work also created a new kind of scientific communication, criticised at the time by some academics. The so-called "divulgationism", a simple way of sharing scientific concepts, was soon employed in other disciplines and became one of the most important characteristics of modern television broadcasting.



Cousteau died on 25 June 1997. The Cousteau Society and its French counterpart, l'Équipe Cousteau, both of which Jacques-Yves Cousteau founded, are still active today. The Society is currently attempting to turn the original Calypso into a museum and it is raising funds to build a successor vessel, the Calypso II.



In his last years, after marrying again, Cousteau became involved in a legal battle with his son Jean-Michel over Jean-Michel licensing the Cousteau name for a South Pacific resort, resulting in Jean-Michel Cousteau being ordered by the court not to encourage confusion between his for-profit business and his father's non-profit endeavours.



In 2007, the International Watch Company introduced the IWC Aquatimer Chronograph "Cousteau Divers" Special Edition. The timepiece incorporated a sliver of wood from the interior of Cousteau's Calypso research vessel. Having developed the diver's watch, IWC offered support to The Cousteau Society. The proceeds from the timepieces' sales were partially donated to the non-profit organization involved into conservation of marine life and preservation of tropical coral reefs.[16]



See also Underwater diving portal

Scuba diving

Aqua-lung

HMHS Britannic

William Beebe

Precontinent

Conshelf Two

Albert Falco

Jacques-Yves Cousteau's shipsCalypso (ship)

SP-350 Denise ("the Diving saucer")

Alcyone (ship)

Calypso II (planned)

Filmography# Year French English Cousteau Film Without Cruel Outstanding

1. Films I

1F 1956 Le monde du silence The Silent World Yes No Yes

2S 1958/1959 Histoire d’un poisson rouge The Golden Fish Yes N/A N/A

3F 1964/1965 Le monde sans soleil World Without Sun Yes Yes No

2. The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau I

1 1966 L’aventure Précontinent The World of Jacques-Yves Cousteau Yes Yes No

2 1967/1968 Les Requins Yes Yes No

3 1967/1968 La jungle de corail The Savage World of the Coral Jungle Yes Yes No

4 1968 Search in the Deep Yes Yes No

5 1968 Baleines et cachalots Whales Yes No No

6 1968/1969 Le voyage surprise de Pepito et Cristobal The Unexpected Voyage of Pepito and Cristobal Yes Yes No

7 1968/1969 Trésor englouti Sunken Treasure Yes Yes No

8 1968/1969 La légende du lac Titicaca The Legend of Lake Titicaca Yes Yes No

9 1969 Les baleines du désert The Desert Whales Yes No No

10 1969/1970 La nuit des calmars The Night of the Squid Yes Yes No

11 1969/1970 La retour des Éléphants de mer The Return of the Sea Elephants Yes No No

12 1970 Ces incroyables machines plongeantes Those Incredible Diving Machines Yes Yes No

13 1970 La mer vivante The Water Planet Yes No No

14 1970 La tragédie des Saumons rouges The Tragedy of the Red Salmon Yes No No

15 1970/1971 Le lagon des navires perdus Lagoon of Lost Ships Yes Yes No

16 1971 Les Dragons des Galápagos Dragons of Galapagos Yes Yes Yes

17 1971 Cavernes englouties Secrets of the Sunken Caves Yes Yes No

18 1971 Le sort des Loutres de mer The Unsinkable Sea Otter! Yes Yes No

19 1971/1972 Pieuvre, petite pieuvre Octopus, Octopus Yes Yes No

20 1971/1972 Les dernières Sirènes The Forgotten Mermaids Yes Yes No

21 1972 Le chant des dauphins A Sound of Dolphins Yes Yes Yes

22 1972/1973 Le sourire du Morse A Smile of the Walrus Yes No No

23 1973 500 millions d’années sous la mer 500 Million Years Beneath the Sea Yes Yes No

24 1973 Hippo, Hippo Hippo! Yes Yes No

25 1973 La baleine qui chante The Singing Whale Yes No No

26 1973/1974 Mission Cousteau en Antarctique. Partie I. La glace et le feu Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part I. South to Fire and Ice Yes Yes Yes

27 1974 Mission Cousteau en Antarctique. Partie II. Le vol du Pingouin Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part II. The Flight of Penguins Yes Yes No

28 1974 Mission Cousteau en Antarctique. Partie III. La vie sous un océan de glace Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part III. Beneath the Frozen World Yes Yes No

29 1974 Mission Cousteau en Antarctique. Partie IV. Blizzard à Esperanza Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part IV. Blizzard at Hope Bay Yes No Yes

30 1974/1975 Patagonie: La vie au bout du monde Life at the End of the World Yes Yes No

31 1975 L’hiver des Castors Beavers of the North Country Yes Yes No

32 1975 Les Fous du Corail The Coral Divers of Corsica Yes Yes Yes

33 1975 Les requins dormeurs du Yucatán The Sleeping Sharks of Yucatán Yes Yes No

34 1975/1976 Coup d’aile sous la mer: Isabella The Sea Birds of Isabella Yes No No

35 1976 Mysteries of the Hidden Reefs Yes Yes No

36 1976 El Gran Pez que se tragó a Jonás The Fish That Swallowed Jonah Yes No No

37 1976 The Incredible March of the Spiny Lobsters Yes No No

3. Films II

4F* 1975 Voyage au bout du monde Voyage to the Edge of the World Yes Yes No

4. Oasis in Space

1S 1977 What Price Progress? No Yes No

2S 1977 Troubled Waters No Yes No

3S 1977 Grain of Conscience No No No

4S 1977 Population Time Bomb No No No

5S 1977 The Power Game No Yes No

6S 1977 Visions of Tomorrow No No No

5. The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau II

38 1977 L’énigme du Britannic Calypso’s Search for the Britannic Yes Yes No

39 1978 Le butin de Pergame sauvé des eaux Diving for Roman Plunder Yes Yes Yes

40 1978 À la recherche de l’Atlantide. Partie I Calypso’s Search for Atlantis. Part I Yes Yes No

41 1978 À la recherche de l’Atlantide. Partie II Calypso’s Search for Atlantis. Part II Yes Yes No

42 1978 Le testament de l'île de Pâques Blind Prophets of Easter Island Yes Yes No

43 1978 Ultimatum sous la mer Time Bomb at Fifty Fathoms Yes Yes No

44 1979 Le sang de la mer Mediterranean: Cradle or Coffin? Yes No No

45 1979 Le Nil. Partie I The Nile. Part I Yes Yes No

46 1979 Le Nil. Partie II The Nile. Part II Yes Yes No

47 1980 Fortunes de mer Lost Relics of the Sea Yes No No

48 1980/1981 Clipperton: île de la solitude Clipperton: The Island Time Forgot Yes No No

49 1981/1982 Sang chaud dans la mer Warm-Blooded Sea: Mammals of the Deep Yes No No

6. North American Adventures

1F 1981/1981** Les piege de la mer Cries from the Deep No No No

2F 1982 Du grand large aux grands lac Saint Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea Yes No No

7. Cousteau's Amazon Series

1S 1982 Calypso Countdown: Rigging for the Amazon Yes Yes No

2 1983/1984 Au pays des milles rivières Journey to a Thousand Rivers Yes Yes No

3 1983/1984 La rivière enchantée The Enchanted River Yes No No

4 1983/1984 Ombres fuyantes — Indiens de l’Amazonie Shadows in the Wilderness — Indians of the Amazon Yes No No

5 1983/1984 La rivière de l’or River of Gold Yes No Yes

6 1984 Message d’un monde perdu Legacy of a Lost World Yes No No

7 1984 Un avenir pour l’Amazonie Blueprints for Amazonia Yes Yes No

8 1984/1985 Tempête de neige sur la jungle Snowstorm in the Jungle Yes No Yes

8. Other releases I

1 1985 Le Mississippi. Partie I. Un Allié récalcitrant Cousteau at Mississippi. The Reluctant Ally Yes Yes No

2 1985 Le Mississippi. Partie II. Allié et adversaire Cousteau at Mississippi. The Friendly Foe Yes Yes No

3 1985 Jacques-Yves Cousteau: mes premier 75 ans (1) Jacques Cousteau: The First 75 Years (1) No Yes Yes

4 1985 Jacques-Yves Cousteau: mes premier 75 ans (2) Jacques Cousteau: The First 75 Years (2) No Yes Yes

5 1985/1986 Alcyone, fille du vent Riders of the Wind Yes Yes No

6К 1988 Island of Peace Yes Yes Yes

9. Cousteau's Rediscovery of the World I

1 1986 Haïti: L’eau de chagrin Haiti: Waters of Sorrow Yes Yes Yes

2 1986 Cuba: les eaux du destin Cuba: Waters of Destiny Yes Yes Yes

3 1986 Cap Horn: les eaux du vent Cape Horn: Waters of the Wind Yes Yes No

4 1986/1987 L’héritage de Cortez Sea of Cortez: Legacy of Cortez Yes No No

5 1987 Les Îles Marquises: montagnes de la mer Marquesas islands: Mountains from the Sea Yes Yes No

6 1987 Îles du Détroit: les eaux de la discorde Channel Islands: Waters of Contention Yes No No

7 1987 Îles du Détroit: à l’approche d’une marée humaine Channel Islands: Days of Future Past Yes No No

8 1988 Nouvelle-Zélande: la Rose et le dragon New Zealand: The Rose and the Dragon Yes Yes Yes

9 1988 Nouvelle-Zélande: au pays du long nuage blanc New Zealand: The Heron of the Single Flight Yes No No

10 1988 Au pays des totems vivants Pacific Northwest: Land of the Living Totems Yes Yes No

11 1988 Tahiti: l’eau de feu Tahiti: Fire Waters Yes Yes Yes

12 1988/1989 Les Requins de l'île au trésor Cocos Island: Sharks of Treasure Island Yes No No

13 1988/1989 Mer de Béring: Le crépuscule du chasseur en Alaska Bering Sea: Twilight of the Alaskan Hunter Yes No No

14 1988/1989 New Zealand: The Smoldering Sea Yes No No

15 1988/1989 Australie: l’ultime barrière Australia: The Last Barrier Yes Yes No

16 1989 Bornéo: Le spectre de la tortue Borneo: The Ghost of the Sea Turtle Yes No No

17 1989/1990 Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée I: La machine à remonter le temps Papua New Guinea I: Into the Time Machine Yes No Yes

18 1989/1990 Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée II: La rivière des hommes crocodiles Papua New Guinea II: River of Crocodile Men Yes No No

19 1989/1990 Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée III: La coeur de feu Papua New Guinea III: Center of Fire Yes No No

20 1989/1990 Thaïlande: les forçats de la mer Thailand: Convicts of the Sea Yes No Yes

21 1989/1990 Bornéo: la Forêt sans terre Borneo: Forests Without Land Yes No No

22 1990 Andaman, les îles invisibles Andaman Islands: Invisible Islands Yes No Yes

10. Other releases II

7 1990 Scandale à Valdez Outrage at Valdez No No No

8 1990 Lilliput en Antarctique Lilliput in Antarctica Yes Yes No

11. Cousteau's Rediscovery of the World II

23 1990 Australie: à l’ouest du bout du monde Australia: Out West, Down Under Yes No No

24 1991 Australie: le peuple de la mer desséchée Australia: People of the Dry Sea Yes No No

25 1991 Australie: le peuple de l’eau et du feu Australia: People of Fire and Water Yes No No

26 1991 Australie: les trésors de la mer Australia: Fortunes in the Sea Yes Yes No

27 1991 Tasmanie, une île s'éveille Tasmania: Australia’s Awakening Island Yes No No

28 1991/1992 Indonésie: les vergers de l’enfer Indonesia I: The Devil’s Orchard Yes Yes Yes

29 1991/1992 Sumatra: le cœur de la mer Indonesia II: Sumatra, the Heart of the Sea Yes Yes Yes

30 1991/1992 Nauru, îlot ou planète Nauru: The Island Planet Yes Yes No

31 1991/1992 The Mirage of the Sea N/A N/A N/A

32 1991/1992 La grand requin blanc, seigneur solitaire des mers The Great White Shark — Lonely Lord of the Sea No No No

33 1991/1992 Palawan, le dernier refuge Palawan: The Last Refuge Yes Yes No

34 1992/1993 Danube I: le lever de rideau Danube I: The Curtain Rises Yes No No

35 1992/1993 Danube II: le rêve de Charlemagne Danube II: Charlemagne’s Dream Yes Yes Yes

36 1992/1993 Danube III: les débordements du fleuve Danube III: Cries of the River Yes Yes No

37 1992/1993 Danube IV: les Débordements du Fleuve Danube IV: Rivalries Overflow Yes No Yes

38 1993 La société secrète des Cétacés Bahamas: The Secret Societies of Dolphins and Whales No No No

39 1993/1994 Mékong: le don de l’eau Mekong: The Gift of Water No No No

40 1993/1994 Vietnam et Cambodge: le riz et les fusils Vietnam and Cambodia: Children of Rice and Guns No No No

12. Other releases III

9 1995 Calypso’s Legend Yes Yes Yes

10 1995 Deeper, Farther, Longer Yes Yes Yes

11* 1996 Les promisses de la mer Yes No No

13. Cousteau's Rediscovery of the World III

41 1995 Madagascar I: l'île des esprits Madagascar I: The Island Bleeds Yes Yes Yes

42 1995 Madagascar II: l'île des esprits Madagascar II: Madagascar, Island of Spirits Yes No No

43 1996 Afrique du Sud: les diamants du désert South Africa: Diamonds of the Desert Yes Yes Yes

44 1996 Afrique du Sud: sanctuaires pour la vie South Africa: Sanctuaries for Life Yes No No

45 1996/1997 À travers la Chine par le fleuve Jaune China: Across China with the Yellow River Yes Yes No

46 1997/1999 Le lac Baïkal Lake Baikal: Beneath the Mirror Yes Yes No



Notes:



S — short-length film;

F — full-length film;

other films have length 45 minutes;

* — the film doesn't exist on official filmography;

** — the film's year is greater by 1 than on official filmography.

BibliographyBooks by CousteauThe Silent World (1953, with Frédéric Dumas)

Captain Cousteaus Underwater Treasury (1959, with James Dugan)

The Living Sea (1963, with James Dugan)

World Without Sun (1965)

The Undersea Discoveries of Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1970–1975, 8-volumes, with Philippe Diole)



The Shark: Splendid Savage of the Sea (1970)

Diving for Sunken Treasure (1971)

Life and Death in a Coral Sea (1971)

The Whale: Mighty Monarch of the Sea (1972)

Octopus and Squid: The Soft Intelligence (1973)

Three Adventures: Galápagos, Titicaca, the Blue Holes (1973)

Diving Companions: Sea Lion, Elephant Seal, Walrus (1974)

Dolphins (1975)

The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau (1973–78, 21 volumes)



Oasis in Space (vol 1)

The Act of Life (vol 2)

Quest for Food (vol 3)

Window in the Sea (vol 4)

The Art of Motion (vol 5)

Attack and Defense (vol 6)

Invisible Messages (vol 7)

Instinct and Intelligence (vol 8)

Pharaohs of the Sea (vol 9)

Mammals in the Sea (vol 10)

Provinces of the Sea (vol 11)

Man Re-Enters Sea (vol 12)

A Sea of Legends (vol 13)

Adventure of Life (vol 14)

Outer and Inner Space (vol 15)

The Whitecaps (vol 16)

Riches of the Sea (vol 17)

Challenges of the Sea (vol 18)

The Sea in Danger (vol 19)

Guide to the Sea and Index (vol 20)

Calypso (1978, vol 21)

A Bill of Rights for Future Generations (1979)

Life at the Bottom of the World (1980)

The Cousteau United States Almanac of the Environment (1981, aka The Cousteau Almanac of the Environment: An Inventory of Life on a Water Planet)

Jacques Cousteau's Calypso (1983)

Marine Life of the Caribbean (1984, with James Cribb and Thomas H. Suchanek)

Jacques Cousteau's Amazon Journey (1984, with Mose Richards)

Jacques Cousteau: The Ocean World (1985)

The Whale (1987, with Philippe Diole)

Jacques Cousteau: Whales (1988, with Yves Paccalet)

The Human, The Orchid and The Octopus (and Susan Schiefelbein, coauthor; Bloomsbury 2007)

Books about CousteauUndersea Explorer: The Story of Captain Cousteau (1957) by James Dugan

Jacques Cousteau and the Undersea World (2000) by Roger King

Jacques-Yves Cousteau: His Story Under the Sea (2002) by John Bankston

Jacques Cousteau: A Life Under the Sea (2008) by Kathleen Olmstead

References1.^ a b [1][dead link]

2.^ [2][dead link]

3.^ [3][dead link]

4.^ "le Scaphandre Autonome". Espalion-12.com. http://www.espalion-12.com/scaphandre/autonomie/scaphandre_autonome.htm. Retrieved 2012-11-10.

5.^ a b c The Silent World. J. Y. Cousteau with Frédéric Dumas. Hamish Hamilton, London. 1953

6.^ Capitaine de frégate PHILIPPE TAILLIEZ, Plongées sans câble, Arthaud, Paris, January 1954, Dépôt légal 1er trimestre 1954 - Édition N° 605 - Impression N° 243 (in French)

7.^ Ecott, Tim (2001). Neutral Buoyancy: Adventures in a Liquid World. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, ISBN 0-87113-794-1

8.^ Sevellec, E.J.. "Naissance du GERS et des premiers plongeurs démineurs, 1 December 2006. URL last accessed 18 February 2010. According to Sevellec, the Élie Monnier was an old German tugboat originally called Albatros and handed over to France as a war reparation, and then re-baptised in honor of the maritime engineer Élie Monnier who had disappeared while diving at Mers-el-Kébir on the wreck of the battleship Bretagne". Philippe.tailliez.net. http://www.philippe.tailliez.net/article30.html.

9.^ Riffaud, C.. ""La règne du scaphandre à casque", in La grande aventure des hommes sous la mer". Users.skynet.be. ISBN 2-226-03502-8. http://users.skynet.be/pascalc/news/plg1940.html. Retrieved 2012-11-10.

10.^ Jacob Darwin Hamblin, Poison in the Well: Radioactive Waste in the Oceans at the Dawn of the Nuclear Age (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008).

11.^ Ohayon, Albert (2009). "When Cousteau Came to Canada". NFB.ca. National Film Board of Canada. http://blog.nfb.ca/2009/10/23/jacques-cousteau-in-canada/. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

12.^ "Article: Jacques-Yves Cousteau. (Interview)
AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy". AccessMyLibrary. 1991-11-01. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9245762_ITM. Retrieved 2012-11-10.

13.^ "La "conversion" du commandant Cousteau à l'Islam". Atheisme.free.fr. http://atheisme.free.fr/Votre_espace/Temoignage_conversion_cousteau_islam.htm. Retrieved 2012-11-10.

14.^ "It's an Honour - Honours - Search Australian Honours". Itsanhonour.gov.au. 1990-01-26. http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=878276&search_type=simple&showInd=true. Retrieved 2012-11-10.

15.^ [4][dead link]

16.^ "Diver's Watch Bearing a Piece of Cousteau's Legendary Vessel Watches Channel". Watches.infoniac.com. 2007-07-27. http://watches.infoniac.com/index.php?page=articles&catid=4&id=2. Retrieved 2012-11-10.

External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jacques Cousteau



The Cousteau Society

Jacques Cousteau at the Internet Movie Database

Jacques Cousteau at Find a Grave

Jacques Cousteau centennial: 'The sea is everything'

[show]v ·t ·eAcadémie Française Seat 17



François de Cauvigny de Colomby (1634) ·François Tristan l'Hermite (1649) ·Hippolyte-Jules Pilet de La Mesnardière (1655) ·François de Beauvilliers, 1st duc de Saint-Aignan (1663) ·François-Timoléon de Choisy (1687) ·Antoine Portail (1724) ·Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée (1736) ·Jean-Pierre de Bougainville (1754) ·Jean-François Marmontel (1763) ·Louis-Marcelin de Fontanes (1803) ·Abel-François Villemain (1821) ·Émile Littré (1871) ·Louis Pasteur (1881) ·Gaston Paris (1896) ·Frédéric Masson (1903) ·Georges Lecomte (1924) ·Jean Delay (1959) ·Jacques Cousteau (1988) ·Érik Orsenna (1998)



[show]v ·t ·eUnderwater divers



Pioneers of diving Jacques Cousteau ·Arne Zetterström



Underwater scientists

and archaeologists Michael Arbuthnot ·Robert Ballard ·George Bass ·James P. Delgado ·John Christopher Fine ·George R. Fischer ·Anders Franzén ·Honor Frost ·David Gibbins ·Robert F. Marx ·Charles T. Meide ·Nautical Archaeology Program ·Mark M. Newell ·John Peter Oleson ·Gunter Schöbel ·E. Lee Spence ·Robert Sténuit ·Peter Throckmorton



Record holders



Underwater filmmakers Samir Alhafith



Underwater photographers Tamara Benitez ·Georges Beuchat ·Adrian Biddle ·Jonathan Bird ·Eric Cheng ·Neville Coleman ·Jacques Cousteau ·John D. Craig ·Bernard Delemotte ·David Doubilet ·John Christopher Fine ·Dermot FitzGerald ·Ric Frazier ·Stephen Frink ·Peter Gimbel ·Monty Halls ·Hans Hass ·Henry Way Kendall ·Daniel Knop ·Rudie Kuiter ·Joseph B. MacInnis ·Luis Marden ·Agnes Milowka ·Noel Monkman ·Steve Parish ·Zale Parry ·Pierre Petit ·Leni Riefenstahl ·Brian Skerry ·Wesley C. Skiles ·E. Lee Spence ·Philippe Tailliez ·Ron & Valerie Taylor ·Albert Tillman ·John Veltri ·Stan Waterman ·Jiang Wenhao ·J. Lamar Worzel



Underwater explorers Sheck Exley ·Martyn Farr ·Bill Stone



Related Portal:Underwater diving ·List of underwater divers ·Underwater diving ·Freediving



Authority control VIAF: 73851811



Persondata

Name Cousteau, Jacques-Yves

Alternative names Cousteau, Jacques

Short description French diver, author, marine biologist and naval officer

Date of birth 11 June 1910

Place of birth Saint-André-de-Cubzac, Gironde, France

Date of death 25 June 1997

Place of death Paris, France





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